Sayyed Jafar Pishevari

Fatemeh Moezzi

Parviz Javadzadeh Khalkhali or Sayyed Jafar Pishevari was born in 1893 in one of Khalkhal’s villages and went to Russia with his family. He studied in Russia and after Russia’s communist revolution grew fond of communism and joined the central committee of the justice party. In 1920 he entered the north of Iran with the red army and established the first communist party congress in Gilan with some other members of the justice party. He left Iran after failure of forest movement but returned to Tehran after a while and was secretary of Iran communist party. He continued his activities in this regard until arrested and trialed in 1927 and was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment in Ghasr prison. He was released in September 1941 with a general pardon and started publishing Azhir newspaper which aimed at advocating the Soviet Union.
He was a member of the Tudeh organization but was not active in the party due to his opposition with Avansian. But he had the implicit support of the party. In 1943 he ran for delegacy of the 14th national parliament and was elected as the first representative of Tabriz but his credential was rejected.

Sayyed Jafar Pishevari went to Tabriz in 1945 and founded Azerbaijan democrat party and following that established Azerbaijan sovereign government. This action was accompanied by seizure of garrisons and military bases in Tabriz, Oroumiyeh and Ardebil. To confront him the government sent forces to Azerbaijan. Finally and with necessary foresight, Ghavam-al-Saltaneh succeeded in suppression of the Azerbaijan sovereign government led by Pishevari. Pishevari fled to Caucasus after his defeat in November 1946 and was killed in 1947 in a car accident which is said to be carried out by the Soviet Union’s security agents.
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